jingruill
Afghan girl
Photograph of last pieces of Kodachrome
"Hundred years old louis vuitton outlets store " Kodak, wandering in bankrupt brim. The message is transmitted, people cannot help sobbing unceasingly, after all of countless families reunite, the countenance of countless old people, the beautiful image of countless women, of countless children grow, contact together with Kodak. Be born at film, die at the number, this all the way the invention king of be far ahead, was defeated by oneself " close son " -- be Kodak invented a whole world camera of the first number. Celebrated director Feng Xiaogang can'ts help plainting on small gain: "A times breaks up piece, of brandish what do not go is the taste that film leaves in the heart. Of brandish what do not go is the taste that film leaves in the heart..
131 years ago, american tall treats ¡¤ Yi Siman to plan to make what everybody can leave him easily video. For this, he established to affect the Kodak company of the whole world later, the operation that he invents is simple, carry convenient " goofy camera " fly to the innumberable families, the film that Kodak film also gives everywhere of roadside of the louis vuitton outlets stores century on now to see is strong imprint in inn.
That is put in maize rectangle the film in honest case bore the weight of the memory of a few acting people, still appeared even " Kodak momently " this word, point to the happy hour in acting life technically. Up-to-date, a lot of people return can hum the light tune that sings Kodak advertisement song: "Let every momently, master in your hand, do not let it escape. Do not let it escape..
Regrettablly, "Engrave happiness momently " Kodak fails him tarry. Kodak government website says at issueing announcement on January 3, as a result of Kodak share price trades 30 times continuously day under 1 dollar, new York stock exchange had issued the warning that retreat city to its. According to the United States " wall street daily " report, if Kodak company sells the plan of digital patent fails, they had prepared to count Zhouneishen to go bankrupt please fortunately protection.
"Kodak declines, resemble sudden death of a Zhuang Han, sacrifice like a Trojan "
Staring at Kodak to drop all the way from stock exchange of American new York the staff member of share price, to the film photography lover that spreads all over the world, still have once had stayed with Kodak film " Kodak momently " people, the whole world is caring this only then the new change that the Laogong that was built 1881 manages.
Hear louis vuitton outlets store online not be good news mostly. According to the data that new York stock exchange publishs, arrive from January 11, 2011 on January 5, 2012, the share price of Kodak drops went 93.7% . He Huiyu of Moody of international grade orgnaization before this all reduce the bond grade of Kodak company to " rubbish class " , the United States last year December " fortune " the magazine judges it even for " the United States 500 strong 10 rot greatly " the 3rd.
If dial clock,answer last centuries, can follow Kodak company without the person " stagnant " this word is hanged swallow louis vuitton outlets online the bait. The Kodak in those days resembles the malic company nowadays or cereal song company euqally overwhelm. In summit summit period, the employee number of Kodak company is amounted to 145 thousand. The Luo Che of new York city that the engineer that comes from a whole world and scientist lift the home gladly to move Kodak company to be in this special city.
Robert Shaenbuluke of 64 years old begins to work for Kodak from 1967. In his memory, hou Ke amounts to talent many in those days. When eating lunch, people is not to go to an auditorium seeing a movie, go namely basketball field plays a ball game, "We engraft to oneself such consciousness, we can do anything, we are invincible " .
"Working to Kodak is my dream, even if sweep the floor in Kodak I also am willing. " Paul ¡¤ Gilman of 82 years old says. He of emulsion of responsible research and development worked 33 years in Kodak, kodak also has his effort in more than 11 thousand patent.
Kodak author Yi Shiman founded technically still for employee " salary bonus day " . Every arrive one day this, kodak can extend to faculty according to enterprise outstanding achievement bonus, this money enough lets Kodak employee buy authentic louis vuitton outlets a good car, perhaps go advanced dining-room engorge.
"Do so interesting thing to still can take salary, this lets me have the feeling that suffer a pain. " after-thought rises young the appearance when, gilman still does not restrain his excitement, "Await in those days, engineer and scientists hope to be broken through somewhat on the invention. Engineer and scientists hope to be broken through somewhat louis vuitton 2012 on the invention..
But begin from 2005, kodak is almost annual deficit, must cut down the member of persons employed. At this late hour, the global employee number of Kodak company already acute is decreased eighteen thousand eight hundred. Be in on January 10, kodak announces to will recombine again and simplify business, reduce expenditure.
"Resemble sudden death of a Zhuang Han, sacrifice like a Trojan. " writer Zhang Yi declines with what describe Kodak so, "Of countless families reunite, the countenance of countless old people, the beautiful image of countless women, of countless children grow, contact together with Kodak. Say to break down how? Say to break down how??
"You are in charge of pressing shutter, the issue that remain gives we "
The Kodak company that all shows declining tendency for a time scene is infinite. The United States " Forbes " the magazine is Kodak company appearance " company of photography of United States of colorific of extremely rich legend " . On the history, kodak decides case the instant of countless legend.
But in Yisiman is 24 Kodak author years old before, his life contrail follows " photography " be without a relation. As a result of family circumstances poor, discontinue one's studying of Yi Siman high school, he has been hit in insurance company miscellaneous, the accountant passes in silver-colored profession. Till him the plan goes Dominica republic capital Shengduoming travels each, the colleague suggests he takes a watch for a chance, the record issues this god-given journey.
That was 1878, camera is big like microwave oven at that time, the glass that is in clean with the special preparation besmear louis vuitton outlet with good modulation even is duped negative. Awful is, this kind of negative must be used immediately, after working no longer sensitive.
Come so, yi Siman's journey should be taken not only clothings, carry even on cumbersome camera, massiness a bottle of vitreous board, tripod, another bottle liquid medicine and full one crock water.
What Yi Siman can accept least of all is, these cumbersome fellow still do not calculate, want to take a picture, he himself draws out 5 dollars more even, will learn how to be used so the equipment with one sophisticated caboodle.
Finally, yi Siman did not travel, stay in the home to think over however: How to let take a picture become simple like taking pencil to write?
He goes to work in the bank by day, the kitchen that after coming home in the evening, he gets into the mother does film to become like the experiment. Occasionally, when the mother gets up to prepare breakfast to the kitchen, breathe out on the rug that can discover tired out Yisiman and garment lie by kitchen hearth breathe out to sleep greatly, it is he is in all the time in cistern the bottle container canister that tinker with.
1888, the Yi Siman that groups of the United States of thought of invention of this have one's mind stuffed with is small place establishs does edition company, use spreader to be in photographic emulsion besmear transparent film piece base on, hank film was born on the world. Become easier to let take a picture, yi Siman still developed to grow so that resemble square Founder the camera of small box, lading inside 100 pieces of film, after people should give out only, remand film the company rinses Yishiman to go.
Also need not spend the film with money complex study to rinse a technology again, the baggage that also need not carry ponderosity again goes taking a picture, yi Siman's company makes propagandist sign haughtily: "You are in charge of pressing shutter, we come to the issue that remain do! We come to the issue that remain do!!
To let everybody can take a picture, price of camera of Yi Siman company general is very low, initiated even " buy film to give watch for a chance " beginning. Yi Siman is ceaseless generation another generation is operated simple and easy " goofy camera " before send Everyman -- the price is low, need not the hand moves range finding to light, light Yi Xie, can conveniently is put into the pocket. Photography from one fraction person " prerogative " became what everybody can enjoy American street " happy momently " .
The Yisiman that the business does bigger more decides to take a new name to his invention. Although in the bookshops concerns the fokelore that names experience at this paragraph, but the official biography of this company is written, everything actually very simple, it is a few abecedarian arrange combination only.
"I like louis vuitton wallets K very much all the time this letter, it is energized, acerb and biting. New name needs to use K front, end with K, the issue that remain just needs cram the blank among this, let it form a pronunciation the term of bright able to read aloud fluently. " the explanation says Yisiman, " such, ' Kodak ' (Kodak) was born. ' Kodak ' (Kodak) was born..
"Close son does good father dead "
The film that Yin Youke amounts to annals of yellow color patch once fashionable whole world, walk nowadays the brim that breaking down. While people sobs, full also suspicion asks. The United States " Atlantic monthly magazine " the article title that uses it asks: "Be who killed Kodak? "Be who killed Kodak??
The answer of people each are not identical, but most person points to spearhead same an enemy -- the number with the most popular instantly photographs.
Acid is, invention whole world of camera of the first number be forced by it nowadays just about the Kodak company of hopeless situation. The observer with sharp one's words is this fact appearance " close son does good father dead " .
1975, the Steve Sai that engineer of research center of Kodak application electron holds the post of when still created the first " digital camera " -- weigh 8.5 pounds, by drive of 16 AA batteries, photograph record is in tape.
This is Kodak company " prospective camera " project. As the father Yi Si Man that has deep love for an invention, kodak company never lacks innovation. A lot of technologies that digital camera place uses nowadays, the patent that is Kodak engineer -- monitor of CCD image sensor, OLED, whole world is photographed the first times like film of color of the first head, 35 millimeter, whole world sheet of the first number turns over camera...
Kodak company is not pair of future to did not consider, they are in " prospective camera " write so in project report: "As technical progress, photography system is sure to take a picture to what did not come the effect that means causes materiality. The photograph of prospective camera is memory in the memory with a kind of admirable stability, but from get off to be broadcasted in order to undertake inside camera. The photograph will protect existence film, tape or video CD to go up, and camera stores medium general can repeat use. And camera stores medium general can repeat use..
Stall of footstep of advancement of this photography Wang Zhe, actually the success that just is it. Although master the most advanced technology, but regard conventional film as the domain not the overlord of 2, kodak not dare rushed stride when the digital market with not Anacreontic vogue, carefully wait-and-see market.
At first, the Kodak of hesitate does not have too big loss. Until go up century 90 time end, photograph of the great majority on the world still uses film sensitization technology to film, the sale of market of American conventional film grows speed to ever was as high as 14% . Inn of Kodak color print achieves many 8000 in Chinese amount, this number is Kendejimen 10 times of inn, 18 times of Mcdonald's. These bring Kodak rich and generous profit not only, more sturdy also it continues to guard wait-and-see market strategy.
2000, kodak company relies on every camera deficit 60 dollars are cost, hold market of American number louis vuitton speedy camera the 2nd large portion, but thenceforth rises, the film demand of the market begins backwater, company get into trouble, begin a large number of papering cutter, cut expenditure.
The Maikaoyi that ever held the position of product manager in the digital branch of Kodak says, look in him, the be on the wane of Kodak does not beg innovation by no means. "Be in early 2000, we know to take a picture market of hand opportunity dominant. " Maikaoyi says. He and colleague had developed a lot of wireless products, still had developed aircraft of prototype of computer of a flat even.
But, it seems that juncture of every time transition, kodak company give as security became poor treasure. 2002, when digitlization leads the product when competitor Fuji company to had been as high as 60% , kodak is insufficient still 25% . Kodak company cuts budget of camera professional work in a large-scale, printer of cash investment ink jet, with period rely on it to turn over greatly in the market.
Regrettablly, kodak was defeated. Be born at film, die at the number, this all the way the invention king of be far ahead, be blocked to be in before score on the pen that sells profit, trip of firm firm ground. " Atlantic monthly magazine " evaluate: "Kodak is good at inventing, do not be good at changing these inventions into commercial profit however. Do not be good at changing these inventions into commercial profit however..
If do not have Kodak, the world will how?
If the bad news continues to come out from the financial department of Kodak company, perhaps this name will make the history very quickly. Review the history, if Kodak from on take out in the history of the century come, the world before may become completely different picture.
And need not say people may continue to follow contact with of cumbersome and complex vintage watch for an opportunity even, the journey also won't have too much photograph accept as a souvenir. More what is more,the rather that, without Kodak, do not have camera of the first number.
Nevertheless, another thing may be more important. To a lot of filmgoer that have deep love for the film, if historical efface Kodak, perhaps we are about to follow see a movie say to do obeisance to did obeisance to.
1892, the United States invented king edison to find Yisiman, this pair of inventor that cooperate hand in hand reach the inventory film clip of 40 millimeter 35 millimeter, next, edison this kind of film every 4 frame punch, created an invention patent -- cinematograph. Although this patent by forensic judge is adjudged at that time invalid, dan Aidi's strange 35 millimeter film and mobile cinematograph are in however in the future ecbolic a film and even whole film industry.
"Because count the flying development of word technology, the American Kodak company that has 130 old histories is faced with go bankrupt. What this unfortunate message means film period is terminative, also mean " lukewarm reason 1942 " will be last film that oneself use film to film. " celebrated director Feng Xiaogang can'ts help plainting on small gain, "A times breaks up piece, of brandish what do not go is the taste that film leaves in the heart. Of brandish what do not go is the taste that film leaves in the heart..
Kodak decides case with its film the times that human society develops at full speed:
-- the first piece of when you see world picture that comes from aerospace, pat by the Kodak film on moon detector. Ascend the Armstrong of the moon to film, kodak company produced special camera 11 numbers technically for Apollo.
-- the hand that what the photograph that ray of the first piece of X films shows is roentgen wife, this piece of film also is Kodak production. As the occurrence of color film, kodak film still can detect participate in " Manhadu plans " nuclear physics scientist sufferred how many radiate.
-- during World War II, kodak microfilm technology 37 Ying Jun " triumphal mail " compress.
"Dear friends, my job has finished, what to still wait to be done here? What to still wait to be done here??
For the vermicelli made from bean starch to having deep love for Kodak, the departure of Kodak is not an accident. Announced 2009 when Kodak company stop production banner issues the famousest film Kodachrome when, film of 74 years gives this fashionable whole world all photography fan hit potion to prevent a needle -- film monarch should leave us.
Be in when this film 1935 when rolling out, " peaceful interview person newspaper " published an article technically even, praise this magical film: "It has cloth of 5 colour besmear, this makes its color rich and gaudy clinking, but do not think it is chemist smashs the thing that rouses, contriver is two musician. Contriver is two musician..
As the United States " the country is geographical " the special film of the magazine, of Kodachrome into picture by cameraman people appearance is " be full of poetic flavour, elegant and moving " , "The photograph of digital camera still needs later period to repair piece, and take out Kodachrome when you camera when, the photograph had begun Yi Yi to flash " .
But, arrived 2011 the end of the year, the small shop that American only can rinse this kind of film -- the store of Dewey favour photography that is located in Kansan announces to close no longer, the myth of Kodak film ends at this point.
Kodak company sent American press photographer Steve Maikeli final hank Kodachrome. He used the Afghan girl that Kodachrome films 1985, become " the country is geographical " cover. In his 40 old reporter career, he filmed with this magical film 800 thousand pieces of photographs.
Give last pieces of the most significant picture to give Kodachrome to pat, maikeli comes to graveyard of American handkerchief Ke Sen, veteran of parting American civil war is buried here. He raises watch for a chance, aimed graveyard in statuary, pressed shutter. Statuary the flower that goes up to placing red and yellow fitly, the picture that goes up with Kodak film box exactly like.
"Of this soldier statuary look to distance, he is like is to reviewing the past, resembling again is to be in look into future. " had said in Mack of many years old 60, "Kodachrome, times of a film ended, resembling is brief life, it left us forever. It left us forever..
In thorough of new York collect this especially big in learned campus, of the father Yi Si Man of Kodak statuary also maintaining Wang Xiangyuan square pose. Although he builds the Kodak company since to give the life of a lot of people the change of brought world-shaking single-handed, but Yisiman is sullen all one's life however. He of father of 5 years old of funeral depends on each other with the mother all the time, maiden all one's life. He plaints even say, oneself are in 40 years old before never had laughed.
When old age, a person of extraordinary powers that he built a 35 thousand level ground curtilage, have 37 rooms, 13 toilet, 9 fireplace, still have 5 greenhouse and a vegetable garden. There is a large library in the home, everyday still person specially assigned for a task plays pipe organ for him. Even if is such, the Yisiman of old age is joyless, he suffers loneliness and disease torment.
1932, yi Siman invites a friend beats by dre solo to arrive home li of be a guest, announce a will to them: All belongings are given Luoqiesite university, a person of extraordinary powers also gives Luoqiesite university president curtilage, he can live at any time, this a person of extraordinary powers became Kodak museum later curtilage.
Subsequently, he rises sent friends, return a study, raise a handgun, aim oneself heart. After harsh report of a gun passes, see the father of the Kodak in pool of blood only to the lackey that enters a room.
The father of this Kodak left a piece of scrip: "Dear friends, my job has finished, what to still wait to be done here? What to still wait to be done here??